What does "impeachment" refer to regarding a witness?

Impeachment in the context of a witness refers to efforts made to challenge the credibility of the witness's testimony. This process is fundamental in legal proceedings as it allows attorneys to question the reliability, honesty, or accuracy of what the witness has presented. By impeaching a witness, the opposing party seeks to undermine the weight of their testimony in the eyes of the judge or jury.

When a witness is impeached, it may involve presenting contradictory evidence, highlighting inconsistencies in the witness's statements, or exposing potential biases or motives that could affect the witness's reliability. This process is essential for ensuring that the court makes decisions based on credible and trustworthy evidence.

The other options do not accurately capture the meaning of impeachment. Strengthening a witness's credibility, providing additional supporting evidence, or affirming initial statements would not be associated with the concept of impeachment, as they aim to support rather than challenge a witness's testimony.