What does "refreshing memory" allow a witness to do during testimony?

"Refreshing memory" allows a witness to refer to notes, documents, or other materials to aid their recollection during testimony. This process is crucial because it enables witnesses to provide more accurate and reliable accounts of events when their memories may be hazy or incomplete.

When witnesses have difficulty recalling specific details, they can look at their notes or related documents that might jog their memories and help them remember relevant facts more clearly. This is particularly important in a legal context, where precise details can significantly impact the outcome of a case.

This practice is distinct from simply making new statements based on recollections or taking breaks, as it specifically involves consulting previously established information or materials to enhance the accuracy of what they might say in court. Consulting previous testimonies from other witnesses is also not permissible in this context, as each witness is expected to rely on their own memory, independent of others’ testimonies.