Which of the following best defines "documentary evidence"?

Documentary evidence is best defined as evidence consisting of written documents used to prove facts. This type of evidence includes anything in a written format that can substantiate a claim, such as contracts, emails, reports, or other records that convey information and support the case at hand. The primary characteristic of documentary evidence is its reliance on documents as a medium to present proof, making it a critical component in legal proceedings for establishing facts without the need for witnesses to testify about them.

While witness statements are considered testimonial evidence and physical objects fall under real evidence, there is a distinct difference between the types of evidence. Expert testimonies provide specialized knowledge and opinions but do not constitute documentary evidence either. Thus, the definition focusing on written documents encompasses the essence of documentary evidence within the context of legal proceedings, highlighting its role in affirming or disputing claims in a structured manner.